
Hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokumu i kahi ʻauwai i ka wā o nā kaʻina hana urological endoscopic, no laila e maʻalahi ai ke hele ʻana o nā endoscopes a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i loko o ke ala mimi.
| Hoʻohālike | ʻIkepili Uhi (Fr) | ID ʻĀpana (mm) | Ka lōʻihi (mm) |
| ZRH-NQG-9.5-13 | 9.5 | 3.17 | 130 |
| ZRH-NQG-9.5-20 | 9.5 | 3.17 | 200 |
| ZRH-NQG-10-45 | 10 | 3.33 | 450 |
| ZRH-NQG-10-55 | 10 | 3.33 | 550 |
| ZRH-NQG-11-28 | 11 | 3.67 | 280 |
| ZRH-NQG-11-35 | 11 | 3.67 | 350 |
| ZRH-NQG-12-55 | 12 | 4.0 | 550 |
| ZRH-NQG-13-45 | 13 | 4.33 | 450 |
| ZRH-NQG-13-55 | 13 | 4.33 | 550 |
| ZRH-NQG-14-13 | 14 | 4.67 | 130 |
| ZRH-NQG-14-20 | 14 | 4.67 | 200 |
| ZRH-NQG-16-13 | 16 | 5.33 | 130 |
| ZRH-NQG-16-20 | 16 | 5.33 | 200 |

ʻIwi
ʻO ke kikowaena he kūkulu ʻōwili sprial e hāʻawi i ka maʻalahi kūpono a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa i ka kinking a me ke kaomi.
Uhi Hydrophilic
ʻAe i ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokomo ʻana. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka uhi ʻana i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia no ka paʻa ma ka papa ʻelua.


Lumen Kūloko
Ua uhi ʻia ka lumen kūloko me ka PTFE e hoʻomaʻalahi i ka lawe ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i ka hāmeʻa. Hāʻawi ka hana paia lahilahi i ka lumen kūloko nui loa me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ke anawaena o waho.
Wāwae ʻokiʻoki
Hoʻololi maʻalahi mai ka diator a i ka ʻūpā no ka maʻalahi o ke hoʻokomo ʻana.
Hāʻawi ka piko radiopaque a me ka ʻūpā i ka nānā maʻalahi ʻana i ka wahi i kau ʻia ai.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻūpā komo ureteral no ka endoscopy urological a me ke ʻoki ʻana, me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻana i kahi kahawai kū pololei, e kōkua i nā endoscopes a me nā mea hana ʻoki e komo i loko o ke ala urinary, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka holomua o ka endoscopy i nā poʻe maʻi me ka stenosis ureteral a me ka lumen liʻiliʻi, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono a me ka palekana o ka nānā ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana hiki ke pale i ka ureter i ka wā o ka hoʻololi pinepine ʻana o nā mea hana a hōʻemi nui i ka pōʻino; ʻo ka "J-tube" noho mua ma mua o ka ureteroscopy hiki ke hoʻonui i ka holomua o ka endoscopy, a me ke kau ʻana o "J-tube" ma hope o ka hana ʻana hiki ke pale a mālama i ka pale ʻana o ka ureteral i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka edema ureteral a me ka pōhaku i ʻoki ʻia.
Wahi a ka ʻikepili Wind, ua piʻi ka nui o nā maʻi urogenital i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā haukapila ma koʻu ʻāina mai 2.03 miliona i ka makahiki 2013 a i 6.27 miliona i ka makahiki 2019, me ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi ʻeono makahiki he 20.67%, ʻo ia hoʻi ka nui o nā maʻi urolithiasis i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai 330,000 i ka makahiki 2013. Ua piʻi aʻe i 660,000 i ka makahiki 2019, me ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi ʻeono makahiki he 12.36%. Ua manaʻo ʻia me ka mālama pono ʻana e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke makahiki o nā hihia e hoʻohana wale ana i ka "ureteral (soft) mirror holmium laser lithotripsy" ma mua o 1 biliona.
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā maʻi me ka ʻōnaehana mimi i kēlā me kēia makahiki e paipai ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻokiʻoki urological, a ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumu e hoʻonui mau ai i ka nui o nā mea hoʻopau e pili ana i ka urology.
Mai ka manaʻo o ka ʻūpā komo ureteral, aia ma kahi o 50 mau huahana i ʻāpono ʻia e ka Food and Drug Administration ma Kina, me nā huahana kūloko he 30 a me nā huahana lawe ʻia mai he ʻumi. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou he mau huahana i ʻāpono hou ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a ke ikaika mālie nei ka hoʻokūkū mākeke.