
Loaʻa ka Catheter Hoʻokahe ʻAi ʻAi Nasal ma ka waha a me ka ihu a i loko o ke ala bile, hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka bile. He huahana hoʻolei wale ia.
| Hoʻohālike | OD (mm) | Ka lōʻihi (mm) | ʻAno Hopena Poʻo | Wahi Noi |
| ZRH-PTN-A-7/17 | 2.3 (7FR) | 1700 | Ua waiho ʻia he | ʻAla o ke akepaʻa |
| ZRH-PTN-A-7/26 | 2.3 (7FR) | 2600 | Ua waiho ʻia he | |
| ZRH-PTN-A-8/17 | 2.7 (8FR) | 1700 | Ua waiho ʻia he | |
| ZRH-PTN-A-8/26 | 2.7 (8FR) | 2600 | Ua waiho ʻia he | |
| ZRH-PTN-B-7/17 | 2.3 (7FR) | 1700 | ʻĀkau a | |
| ZRH-PTN-B-7/26 | 2.3 (7FR) | 2600 | ʻĀkau a | |
| ZRH-PTN-B-8/17 | 2.7 (8FR) | 1700 | ʻĀkau a | |
| ZRH-PTN-B-8/26 | 2.7 (8FR) | 2600 | ʻĀkau a | |
| ZRH-PTN-D-7/17 | 2.3 (7FR) | 1700 | Huelo puaʻa a | ʻAuwai Bile |
| ZRH-PTN-D-7/26 | 2.3 (7FR) | 2600 | Huelo puaʻa a | |
| ZRH-PTN-D-8/17 | 2.7 (8FR) | 1700 | Huelo puaʻa a | |
| ZRH-PTN-D-8/26 | 2.7 (8FR) | 2600 | Huelo puaʻa a | |
| ZRH-PTN-A-7/17 | 2.3 (7FR) | 1700 | Ua waiho ʻia he | ʻAla o ke akepaʻa |
| ZRH-PTN-A-7/26 | 2.3 (7FR) | 2600 | Ua waiho ʻia he | |
| ZRH-PTN-A-8/17 | 2.7 (8FR) | 1700 | Ua waiho ʻia he | |
| ZRH-PTN-A-8/26 | 2.7 (8FR) | 2600 | Ua waiho ʻia he | |
| ZRH-PTN-B-7/17 | 2.3 (7FR) | 1700 | ʻĀkau a |
ʻO ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka pelu ʻana a me ka deformation,
maʻalahi ke hana.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā poepoe o ka piko e pale aku i nā pilikia o ke kahakaha ʻana o nā ʻiʻo i ka wā e hele ana ma o endoscope.
Puka ʻaoʻao he nui, lua kūloko nui, hopena hoʻokahe maikaʻi.
He laumania ka ʻili o ka paipu, palupalu a paʻakikī hoʻi, e hōʻemi ana i ka ʻeha o ka mea maʻi a me ka manaʻo o ke kino haole.
ʻO ka plasticity maikaʻi loa ma ka hopena o ka papa, e pale ana i ka paheʻe.
E ʻae i ka lōʻihi i hoʻopilikino ʻia.
1. ʻO ka cholangitis obstructive suppurative koʻikoʻi;
2. Kāohi ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka pōhaku a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai bile ma hope o ka ERCP a i ʻole lithotripsy;
3. Ke ālai ʻia ʻana o ke ala bile i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻōpū mua a metastatic paha;
4. Ke ālai ʻia ʻana o ke ala bile i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hepatolithiasis;
5. Pancreatitis biliary koʻikoʻi;
6. ʻO ka traumatic a i ʻole iatrogenic bile duct stricture a i ʻole biliary fistula;
7. ʻO ka pono lapaʻau e hana hou i ka cholangiography a i ʻole e hōʻiliʻili i ka bile no ka hoʻokolokolo biochemical a me bacteriological;
8. Pono e mālama ʻia nā pōhaku ʻauwai bile me ka litholysis lāʻau;