1. Hepatojugular reflux hōʻailona
Ke hoʻopuʻi ʻia ka puʻuwai a me ka pehu ʻana o ka puʻuwai ʻākau, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke akepaʻa me nā lima i mea e hoʻomāhuahua ai nā aʻa jugular. ʻO nā kumu maʻamau ka lawa ʻole o ka ventricular a me ka hepatitis congestion.
2. ʻO ka hōʻailona o Cullen
ʻIke pū ʻia ʻo Coulomb's sign, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ecchymosis ma ka ʻili a puni ka umbilicus a i ʻole ka paia o ka ʻōpū haʻahaʻa he hōʻailona o ke kahe koko intra-abdominal nui, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau i ka retroperitoneal hemorrhage, acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, etc.
3.Grey-Turner hōʻailona
Ke hoʻomohala ka mea maʻi i ka maʻi pancreatitis, e kahe ana ka wai pancreatic i loko o ka ʻiʻo subcutaneous o ka pūhaka a me ka ʻaoʻao, e hoʻoheheʻe ana i ka momona subcutaneous, a haki ʻia nā capillaries a kahe ke koko, e hopena i ka ecchymosis bluish-purple ma ka ʻili i kēia mau wahi, i kapa ʻia ʻo Grey-Turner's sign.
4.Courvoisier hōʻailona
Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ke poʻo o ka pancreas i ka ʻawa bile maʻamau, a i ʻole ka maʻi kanesa o ka waena a me ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka ʻawa bile ke kumu ke keʻakeʻa nei, ʻike ʻia ka jaundice. ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻōpū pehu he cystic, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu, he ʻili maʻemaʻe a hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia he palpable, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Courvoisier's sign, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ke keʻakeʻa holomua o ka ʻauwai bile maʻamau. ʻauhau.
5.Peritoneal irritation hōʻailona
ʻO ka hele like ʻana o ka palupalu, rebound tenderness a me ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻōpū i kapa ʻia ʻo peritoneal irritation sign, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka peritonitis triad. He hōʻailona maʻamau ia o ka peritonitis, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahi o ka lesion mua. ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻiʻo ʻana o ka ʻōpū ma muli o ke kumu a me ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi. ʻOkoʻa ka maʻi maʻamau, a ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ia o ka maʻi ʻino.
6. ʻO ka hōʻailona o Murphy
ʻO kahi hōʻailona Murphy maikaʻi kekahi o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi i ka hōʻailona lapaʻau o ka cholecystitis acute. I ka wā e paʻi ai i ka ʻāpana o ka gallbladder ma lalo o ka ʻaoʻao kumu kūʻai ʻākau, ua hoʻopā ʻia ka ʻōpū pehu a noi ʻia ka mea maʻi e hanu hohonu. Ua neʻe i lalo ka pehu a me ka ʻeha. Ua manaʻo ka mea maʻi i ka ikaika o ka ʻeha a paʻa koke kona hanu.
7. ʻO ka hōʻailona o Mcburney
ʻO ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻoluʻolu hou ma ka lae o McBurney ma ka ʻōpū ʻākau aʻe (ka hui o ka umbilicus a me ka waena a me waho 1/3 o ka ʻāʻī iliac kiʻekiʻe ʻākau) he mea maʻamau i ka appendicitis acute.
8. ʻekolu o Charcot
ʻO ka cholangitis obstructive suppurative maʻamau e hōʻike pinepine ʻia me ka ʻeha ʻōpū, ke anuanu, ke kuni kiʻekiʻe, a me ka jaundice, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo Chaco's triad.
1) ʻEha o ka ʻōpū: Loaʻa ma lalo o ke kaʻina xiphoid a ma ka quadrant luna ʻākau, maʻamau ka colic, me nā hōʻeha paroxysmal a i ʻole ka ʻeha mau me ka exacerbation o nā paroxysms, hiki ke hoʻomālamalama i ka poʻohiwi ʻākau a me ke kua, me ka nausea a me ka luaʻi. Hoʻomaka pinepine ia ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai momona.
2) ʻO ke anu a me ke kuni: Ma hope o ke keakea ʻana o ka ʻauwai bile, piʻi ke kaomi i loko o ka ʻāʻau bile, pinepine ka hopena i ka maʻi lua. Hiki ke kahe hou aku i loko o ke koko ma o na auwai bile capillary a me na sinusoid hepatic, ka hopena o ke akepaa biliary abscess, sepsis, septic shock, DIC, a pela aku, e hoike ana ma ke ano he dilatant fever, me ka wela o ke kino he 39 a 40°C.
3) Jaundice: Ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana o nā pōhaku i ka ʻawa bile, hiki i nā maʻi ke hoʻomohala i ka mimi melemele ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻili melemele o ka ʻili a me ka sclera, a ʻike paha kekahi mau maʻi i ka ʻili ʻili.
9. Reynolds (Renault) ʻelima hōʻailona
ʻAʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka paʻahao pōhaku, ʻoi aku ka ʻino, a ua ulu ka mea maʻi i ka maʻi noʻonoʻo a me ka haʻalulu ma muli o ka triad a Charcot, i kapa ʻia ʻo Raynaud's pentalogy.
10. Ka hoailona o Kehr
ʻO ke koko i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū e hoʻoulu i ka diaphragm hema, e hōʻeha ai i ka ʻeha poʻohiwi hema, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i ka haki ʻana o ka splenic.
11. Hoailona obturator (obturator internus muscle test)
Aia ka mea maʻi ma ke kūlana moe, me ka ʻūhā akau a me ka ʻūhā a hoʻohuli ʻia i loko, me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū haʻahaʻa ʻākau, i ʻike ʻia i ka appendicitis (kokoke ka appendix i ka ʻiʻo obturator internus).
12. Ka hōʻailona o Rovsing
Aia ka mea maʻi i kahi moe, me kona lima ʻākau e kaomi ana i ka ʻōpū hema hema a ʻo kona lima hema e ʻomi ana i ke kolone proximal, e hōʻeha ana i ka ʻōpū akau lalo, i ʻike ʻia i ka appendicitis.
13. X-ray barium irritation hōʻailona
Hōʻike ʻo Barium i nā hōʻailona o ka huhū ma ka ʻāpana ʻōpū maʻi, me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻopiha ʻana a me ka hoʻopiha maikaʻi ʻana, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopiha ʻana ma nā ʻāpana ʻōpū o luna a me lalo. Kapa ʻia kēia hōʻailona hōʻailona barium irritation X-ray, ka mea maʻamau i nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi ulcerative intestinal tuberculosis. .
14. Hōʻailona halo pālua/hōʻailona pahuhopu
I ka hana ikaika o ka maʻi o Crohn, ua hōʻike ʻia ka CT enterography (CTE) i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka paia o ka ʻōpū, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka mucosa o ka ʻōpū, ua stratified ʻāpana o ka paia o ka ʻōpū, a ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ke apo mucosal o loko a me ke apo serosa o waho, e hōʻike ana i ka halo pālua. hōʻailona a hōʻailona paha.
15. Hoailona pulu laau
Ma ke kahua ikaika o ka maʻi o Crohn, hōʻike ʻo CT enterography (CTE) i ka piʻi ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko mesenteric, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka momona mesenteric momona a me ka blurring, a me ka mesenteric lymph node enlargement, e hōʻike ana i ka "hōʻailona hui lāʻau".
16. Azotemia enterogenic
Ma hope o ke kahe nui ʻana i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū o luna, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā huahana digestion o nā protein koko i loko o ka ʻōpū, a hiki ke piʻi iki ka neʻe o ka urea nitrogen i ke koko, i kapa ʻia ʻo enterogenic azotemia.
17.Mallory-Weiss syndrome
ʻO ka hōʻike koʻikoʻi nui o kēia maʻi ʻo ka piʻi koke ʻana o ke kaomi intra-abdominal ma muli o ka nausea koʻikoʻi, ka luaʻi a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka wā lōʻihi o ka mucosa a me ka submucosa o ka distal cardiac cardia a me ka esophagus, e hoʻoulu ai i ke koko o ka ʻōpū o luna. ʻO nā hōʻike koʻikoʻi he hematemesis wikiwiki, ma mua o ka hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻana a i ʻole ka luaʻi ʻana, ua kapa ʻia ʻo esophageal a me cardia mucosal tear syndrome.
18. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Zollinger-Ellison (gastrinoma, Zollinger-66Ellison syndrome)
He ʻano ia o ka maʻi maʻi neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic i hōʻike ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi he nui, nā wahi atypical, hiki i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka maʻi ulcer, a me ka pane maikaʻi ʻole i nā lāʻau anti-ulcer maʻamau. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka ʻakika kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka gastrin koko kiʻekiʻe. kiʻekiʻe.
He liʻiliʻi ka maʻi Gastrinomas, a aia ma kahi o 80% i loko o ka huinakolu "gastrinoma" (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hui ʻana o ka gallbladder a me ka maʻamau bile duct, ka lua a me ke kolu o ka duodenum, a me ka ʻāʻī a me ke kino o ka pancreas). I loko o ka huinakolu i hana ʻia e ka hui), ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o nā gastrinomas he maʻi, a ua metastasized kekahi mau maʻi ke ʻike ʻia.
19. Ka maʻi maʻi hoʻolei
Ma hope o ka subtotal gastrectomy, ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o ka hana hoʻomalu o ka pylorus, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū i ka wikiwiki, e hopena i kahi ʻano o nā hōʻailona maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo dumping syndrome, ka mea maʻamau i ka PII anastomosis. Wahi a ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai nā hōʻailona ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻano: ka mua a me ka hope.
●Early dumping syndrome: Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka hypovolemia no ka manawa lōʻihi e like me ka palpitations, ka wela anu, ka luhi, a me ka ʻili haikea he hapalua hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana. Hoʻopili pū ʻia me ka nausea a me ka luaʻi, ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, a me ka maʻi maʻi.
●Late dumping syndrome: hiki mai 2 a 4 hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui, ʻo ia ka noʻonoʻo, ka ʻili haikea, ka hou anuanu, ka luhi, a me ka pulse wikiwiki. ʻO ka mīkini ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka meaʻai i loko o ka ʻōpū, hoʻoulu ia i ka nui o ka huna ʻana o ka insulin, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hypoglycemia reactive. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka maʻi hypoglycemia.
20. Absorptive dystrophy syndrome
He maʻi maʻi maʻi kahi i nele ai nā meaʻai ma muli o ka hana ʻole o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i ka ʻeli ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai, no laila hiki ʻole ke komo maʻamau a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā feces. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi, hōʻike pinepine ʻia e like me ka maʻi maʻi, ka lahilahi, ke kaumaha, ka momona a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka absorption momona, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he steatorrhea.
21. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi PJ (ka maʻi polyposis puaʻa, PJS)
He maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi autosomal dominant ia e hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻili a me ka pigmentation mucosal, nā polyps hamartomatous he nui i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, a me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi.
Loaʻa ka PJS mai ka wā kamaliʻi. E like me ka makahiki o ka poʻe maʻi, hoʻonui a hoʻonui ʻia nā polyps gastrointestinal, e hoʻopiʻi ana i nā pilikia like ʻole, e like me ka intussusception, obstruction intestinal, gastrointestinal tract, cancer, malnutrition, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā keiki.
22. ʻO ka maʻi o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū
ʻO ke kaomi intra-abdominal o ke kanaka maʻamau kokoke i ke kaomi ea, 5 a 7 mmHg.
ʻO ke kaumaha o loko o ka ʻōpū ≥12 mmHg he hypertension intra-abdominal, a ʻo ke kaomi intra-abdominal ≥20 mmHg i hui pū ʻia me ka hemahema o ke kino e pili ana i ka hypertension intra-abdominal ʻo ia ka maʻi o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū (ACS).
Nā hōʻike maʻi: Paʻa ka umauma o ka mea maʻi, pōkole o ka hanu, pilikia ka hanu, a me ka wikiwiki o ka naʻau. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻeha kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, nāwaliwali a nalowale nā leo o ka ʻōpū, a pēlā aku. ʻO Anuria, azotemia, hāʻule ʻole o ka hanu a me ka maʻi puʻuwai haʻahaʻa i loaʻa i ka pae hope.
23. ʻO ka maʻi aʻaʻa mesenteric kiʻekiʻe
ʻIke pū ʻia ʻo benign duodenal stasis a me duodenal stasis, kahi ʻano o nā hōʻailona i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kūlana kūlohelohe o ke aʻa mesenteric kiʻekiʻe e kaomi ana i ka ʻāpana ākea o ka duodenum, ka hopena i ka ʻāpana a i ʻole ke keakea piha o ka duodenum.
He mea maʻamau ia i nā wahine makua asthenic. He mea maʻamau ka hiccups, nausea, a me ka luaʻi. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o kēia maʻi ʻo ia nā hōʻailona pili i ke kūlana kino. Ke hoʻohanaʻia ke kūlana hoʻokuʻu, e hoʻonuiʻia nā hōʻailona hoʻopiʻi, i ka wā e kū ai ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe, ke kūlana kuli-kau, a iʻole kaʻaoʻao hema, hiki ke hoʻomahaʻia nā hōʻailona. .
24. Ma'i makapo
ʻO kahi maʻi o ka diarrhea, anemia, malabsorption a me ke kaumaha o ke kaumaha ma muli o ka stagnation o nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi a me ka ulu nui ʻana o ka bacteria i ka lumen ʻōpū. ʻIke nui ʻia ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā puka puka makapō a i ʻole nā ʻeke makapō (ʻo ia hoʻi nā puka lou) ma hope o ka gastrectomy a me ka anastomosis gastrointestinal. A ma muli o stasis.
25. ʻO ka maʻi pōkole pōkole
ʻO ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka wehe ʻana a i ʻole ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka wahi absorption o ka ʻōpū, a ʻaʻole hiki i ke koena hana ke mālama i ka meaʻai o ka mea maʻi a i ʻole ka ulu ʻana o ke keiki, a me nā hōʻailona e like me ka diarrhea, acid-base/water/electrolyte disorders, a me nā syndromes i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā maʻi o ka absorption.
26. Hepatorenal syndrome
ʻO nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi nui he oliguria, anuria a me azotemia.
ʻAʻohe ʻeha nui o nā puʻupaʻa o ka mea maʻi. Ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o ka portal hypertension a me ka splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kahe o ke koko, a ʻo nā ʻano mea vasodilator like ʻole e like me prostaglandins, nitric oxide, glucagon, atrial natriuretic peptide, endotoxin, a me nā peptides e pili ana i ka gene Calcium ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia e ke ake, e hoʻonā i ka moena vascular systemic; hiki i ka nui o ka wai peritoneal ke hoʻonui nui i ke kaomi intra-abdominal, hiki ke hōʻemi i ke kahe o ke koko renal, ʻoi aku ka hypoperfusion renal cortex, e alakaʻi ana i ka hiki ʻole o ka renal.
ʻO 80% o nā maʻi me ka maʻi holomua wikiwiki e make i loko o 2 mau pule. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ke ʻano holomua lohi, hōʻike pinepine ʻia me ka refractory abdominal effusion a me kahi ala lohi o ka hiki ʻole o ka renal.
27. Hepatopulmonary syndrome
Ma ke kumu o ka cirrhosis o ka ate, ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i nā maʻi cardiopulmonary mua, dyspnea a me nā hōʻailona o ka hypoxia e like me ka cyanosis a me ka hui ʻana o nā manamana lima (nā manamana wāwae), e pili ana i ka intrapulmonary vasodilation a me ka arterial blood oxygenation dysfunction, a maikaʻi ʻole ka prognosis.
28.Mirizzi syndrome
ʻO ka ʻāʻī o ka gallbladder a i ʻole ka hopena o ka pōhaku cystic duct, a i hui pū ʻia me ka mumū o ka gallbladder, kaomi
Loaʻa ia ma ka hoʻoikaika ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻāʻau hepatic maʻamau, e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻiʻo a puni, ka mumū a i ʻole ka stenosis o ka aʻa hepatic maʻamau, a hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau maʻi maʻi maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e ka jaundice obstructive, biliary colic a i ʻole cholangitis.
ʻO ke kumu anatomical no kona hoʻokumu ʻana, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o ka hui ʻana o ka ʻauʻau cystic a me nā ʻāpana hepatic maʻamau a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa loa o ke kūlana hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻauamo cystic a me ka puʻu hepatic maʻamau.
29.Budd-Chiari syndrome
ʻO Budd-Chiari Syndrome, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Budd-Chiari Syndrome, e pili ana i kahi hui o ka hypertension portal a i ʻole portal a me ka vena cava hypertension inferior ma muli o ke keakea ʻana o ka vena hepatic a i ʻole ka vena cava haʻahaʻa ma luna o kona wehe. maʻi maʻi.
30.Caroli syndrome
ʻO ka hoʻomāhuahua ʻana o ka cystic congenital o nā duct bile intrahepatic. ʻAʻole maopopo ka mīkini. Ua like paha ia me ka choledochal cyst. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka cholangiocarcinoma ma mua o ka heluna kanaka. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona mua o ka maʻi hepatomegaly a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, e like me ka biliary colic, paʻakikī e ka maʻi bile duct bacteria. Hiki ke kuni a me ka jaundice intermittent i ka wā o ka mumū, a maʻalahi ka pae o ka jaundice.
31. Puborectal syndrome
He maʻi hoʻohaʻahaʻa ia ma muli o ke keakea ʻana o ka puka pelvic floor ma muli o ka spasm a i ʻole hypertrophy o nā ʻiʻo puborectalis.
32. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi o ke kino
E pili ana ia i kahi hui o nā maʻi maʻi i hana ʻia e nā neuromuscular abnormalities i loko o nā hale pelvic floor me ka rectum, levator ani muscle, a me waho anal sphincter. ʻO nā hōʻike koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi he paʻakikī i ka defecation a i ʻole ka incontinence, a me ke kaomi ʻana o ka papahele pelvic a me ka ʻeha. ʻO kēia mau hana ʻino i kekahi manawa e pili ana i ka paʻakikī defecation, a i kekahi manawa ʻo ka fecal incontinence. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ʻeha loa lākou.
ʻO mākou, ʻo Jiangxi Zhuoruihua Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., he mea hana ma Kina i mea kūikawā i nā mea hoʻohana endoscopic, e like mebiopsy forceps, hemoclip, pahele polyp,nila sclerotherapy, pāpaʻi pāpaʻi, cytology brushes, uea alakaʻi,hīnaʻi kiʻi pōhaku, ihu biliary drainage catheteretc. i hoohana nui ia maEMR,ESD, ERCP. ʻO kā mākou huahana i hōʻoia ʻia ʻo CE, a ua hōʻoia ʻia kā mākou mea kanu. Ua lawe ʻia kā mākou waiwai i ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, Middle East a me kahi hapa o Asia, a loaʻa nui i ka mea kūʻai aku o ka ʻike a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi!
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-06-2024