1. Hōʻailona reflux hepatojugular
Ke hoʻoulu ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai ʻākau i ka paʻa ʻana o ka ate a me ka pehu ʻana, hiki ke ʻomi ʻia ke akepaʻa me nā lima e hoʻonui ai i ka palahalaha o nā aʻa jugular. ʻO nā kumu maʻamau ka lawa ʻole o ka ventricle ʻākau a me ka maʻi hepatitis paʻa.
2. Hōʻailona o Cullen
ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka hōʻailona Coulomb, ʻo ka ecchymosis polū-uliuli ma ka ʻili a puni ka umbilicus a i ʻole ka paia o ka ʻōpū haʻahaʻa he hōʻailona ia o ke kahe koko nui i loko o ka ʻōpū, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau i ka hemorrhage retroperitoneal, ka pancreatitis necrotizing hemorrhagic acute, ka ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, a pēlā aku.
3. Hōʻailona Grey-Turner
Ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ka pancreatitis ʻoi, kahe ka wai pancreatic i loko o ka ʻiʻo subcutaneous o ka pūhaka a me ka ʻaoʻao, e hoʻoheheʻe ana i ka momona subcutaneous, a haki a kahe ke koko o nā capillaries, e hopena ana i ka ecchymosis poni-uliuli ma ka ʻili ma kēia mau wahi, i kapa ʻia ʻo Grey-Turner's sign.
4. Hōʻailona Courvoisier
Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke ala bile maʻamau e ke kanesa o ke poʻo o ka pancreas, a i ʻole ke kanesa o nā ʻāpana waena a me lalo o ke ala bile e hoʻopilikia ai, ʻike ʻia ka jaundice. ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻāʻī pehu i cystic, ʻaʻole palupalu, he ʻili laumania a hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia e hiki ke palpable, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hōʻailona Courvoisier, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka pale ʻana o ke ala bile maʻamau. levy.
5. Hōʻailona hoʻonāukiuki peritoneal
ʻO ke alo like ʻana o ka palupalu, ka palupalu rebound a me ke kuʻekuʻe ʻana o nā ʻiʻo ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻōpū ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he hōʻailona huhū peritoneal, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka peritonitis triad. He hōʻailona maʻamau ia o ka peritonitis, ʻoiai ke wahi o ka ʻeha mua. ʻO ke ʻano o ka kuʻekuʻe ʻana o nā ʻiʻo ʻōpū e pili ana i ke kumu a me ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi. ʻOkoʻa ke kūlana maʻamau, a ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka distension o ka ʻōpū he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ia o ke kūlana e ʻoi aʻe ana.
6. Hōʻailona o Murphy
ʻO ka hōʻailona Murphy maikaʻi kekahi o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi i ka ʻike lapaʻau o ka cholecystitis koʻikoʻi. I ka pā ʻana i ka ʻāpana gallbladder ma lalo o ka palena costal ʻākau, ua hoʻopā ʻia ka gallbladder pehu a ua noi ʻia ka mea maʻi e hanu hohonu. Ua neʻe ka gallbladder pehu a mumū i lalo. Ua manaʻo ka mea maʻi ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻeha a ua paʻa koke kona hanu.
7. Hōʻailona o Mcburney
ʻO ke ʻano o ka palupalu a me ke ʻano o ka rebound ma ka piko o McBurney ma ka ʻōpū ʻākau haʻahaʻa (ka hui ʻana o ka umbilicus a me ka 1/3 waena a me waho o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o luna o ka iliac spine) he mea maʻamau ia i ka appendicitis ʻoi.
8. ʻO ke kolu o Charcot
ʻO ka cholangitis obstructive suppurative acute e hōʻike pinepine ʻia me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, nā anu, ke kuni nui, a me ka jaundice, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo Chaco's triad.
1) ʻEha ʻōpū: Loaʻa ma lalo o ke kaʻina hana xiphoid a ma ka ʻākau luna ʻākau, ʻo ka maʻamau he colic, me nā hoʻouka paroxysmal a i ʻole ka ʻeha mau me ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā paroxysms, hiki ke pālahalaha i ka poʻohiwi ʻākau a me ke kua, me ka hele pū ʻana me ka nausea a me ka luaʻi. Hoʻomaka pinepine ʻia ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai momona.
2) Anuanu a me ke kuni: Ma hope o ke ālai ʻia ʻana o ke aʻa bile, piʻi ke kaomi i loko o ke aʻa bile, a pinepine ka hopena i ka maʻi lua. Hiki i nā bacteria a me nā mea ʻawahia ke kahe hou i loko o ke koko ma o nā aʻa bile capillary a me nā sinusoids hepatic, e hopena ana i ka abscess ate biliary, sepsis, septic shock, DIC, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he dilatant fever, me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino mai 39 a 40°C.
3) Jaundice: Ma hope o ke ālai ʻana o nā pōhaku i ke kahawai bile, hiki i nā maʻi ke loaʻa i ka mimi melemele ʻeleʻele a me ka waihoʻoluʻu melemele o ka ʻili a me ka sclera, a hiki i kekahi mau maʻi ke ʻike i ka maneʻo o ka ʻili.
9.Reynolds (Renault) ʻelima mau hōʻailona
ʻAʻole i hoʻomaha ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka pōhaku, hoʻonui hou aʻe ka mumū, a hoʻomohala ka mea maʻi i ka maʻi noʻonoʻo a me ka haʻalulu ma muli o ka triad a Charcot, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pentalogy a Raynaud.
10. Hōʻailona o Kehr
Hoʻoulu ke koko i loko o ka lua ʻōpū i ka diaphragm hema, e hōʻeha ana i ka poʻohiwi hema, kahi mea maʻamau i ka haki ʻana o ka splenic.
11. Hoailona obturator (obturator internus muscle test)
Aia ka mea maʻi ma ke kūlana moe, me ka ʻūhā ʻākau a me ka ʻūhā e kulou ana a laila huli mālie i loko, e hōʻeha ana i ka ʻōpū ʻākau haʻahaʻa, i ʻike ʻia ma ka appendicitis (kokoke ka appendix i ka ʻiʻo obturator internus).
12. Ka hōʻailona o Rovsing (hoʻāʻo hoʻonui kolona)
Aia ka mea maʻi ma ke kūlana moe, me kona lima ʻākau e ʻomi ana i ka ʻōpū hema ma lalo a me kona lima hema e ʻomi ana i ka kolona proximal, e hōʻeha ana i ka ʻōpū ʻākau ma lalo, i ʻike ʻia ma ka appendicitis.
13. Hōʻailona hoʻonāukiuki barium X-ray
Hōʻike ka Barium i nā hōʻailona o ka huhū ma ka ʻāpana ʻōpū maʻi, me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokahe ʻana a me ka hoʻopiha maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoiai maikaʻi ka hoʻopiha ʻana ma nā ʻāpana ʻōpū o luna a me lalo. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he hōʻailona huhū barium X-ray, kahi mea maʻamau i nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu ʻōpū ulcerative.
14. Hōʻailona halo pālua/hōʻailona pahuhopu
I ke kahua hana o ka maʻi ʻo Crohn, hōʻike ka CT enterography (CTE) i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ua mānoanoa nui ka paia o ka ʻōpū, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka mucosa ʻōpū, ua stratified kekahi hapa o ka paia o ka ʻōpū, a ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ke apo mucosal o loko a me ke apo serosa o waho, e hōʻike ana i kahi hōʻailona halo pālua a i ʻole kahi hōʻailona pahuhopu.
15. Hōʻailona kāhili lāʻau
I ke kahua hana o ka maʻi o Crohn, hōʻike ka CT enterography (CTE) i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko mesenteric, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka momona mesenteric a me ka blurring, a me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka node lymph mesenteric, e hōʻike ana i ka "hōʻailona comb lāʻau".
16. ʻO ka azotemia enterogenic
Ma hope o ke kahe koko nui ʻana ma ke ala ʻōpū o luna, ua komo nā huahana hoʻoheheʻe o nā protein koko i loko o nā ʻōpū, a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka urea nitrogen i loko o ke koko no kekahi manawa, i kapa ʻia ʻo enterogenic azotemia.
17. ʻO ka maʻi Mallory-Weiss
ʻO ka hōʻike lapaʻau nui o kēia maʻi ka piʻi koke ʻana o ke kaomi intra-abdominal ma muli o ka nausea nui, ka luaʻi ʻana a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka haehae longitudinal o ka mucosa a me ka submucosa o ka distal cardia cardiac a me ka esophagus, a laila e hoʻoulu ai i ke kahe koko gastrointestinal luna. ʻO nā hōʻike nui he hematemesis koke, ma mua o ka retching a i ʻole ka luaʻi ʻana, ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo esophageal and cardia mucosal tear syndrome.
18. ʻO ka maʻi Zollinger-Ellison (gastrinoma, Zollinger-66Ellison syndrome)
He ʻano ia o ka maʻi neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻeha he nui, nā wahi atypical, ka maʻalahi i nā pilikia o ka ʻeha, a me ka pane maikaʻi ʻole i nā lāʻau anti-ulcer maʻamau. Hiki ke piʻi aʻe ka maʻi kahe, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka waikawa gastric kiʻekiʻe, a me nā pae gastrin koko kiʻekiʻe.
He liʻiliʻi nā Gastrinomas maʻamau, a ma kahi o 80% aia i loko o ka huinakolu "gastrinoma" (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hui ʻana o ka gallbladder a me ke kahawai bile maʻamau, ka ʻāpana ʻelua a me ke kolu o ka duodenum, a me ka ʻāʻī a me ke kino o ka pancreas). I loko o ka huinakolu i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻana), ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o nā gastrinomas he malignant, a ua metastasized kekahi mau maʻi i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai.
19. Ka maʻi hoʻolei
Ma hope o ka gastrectomy subtotal, ma muli o ka nalowale ʻana o ka hana kaohi o ka pylorus, ua hoʻokahe koke ʻia nā mea o loko o ka ʻōpū, e hopena ana i kahi moʻo o nā hōʻailona lapaʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo dumping syndrome, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau i ka PII anastomosis. Wahi a ka manawa e ʻike ʻia ai nā hōʻailona ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua ʻano: mua a me ka hope.
●ʻO ka maʻi hoʻokuʻu mua: ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka hypovolemia manawa pōkole e like me ka palpitations, ka hou anu, ka luhi, a me ka ʻili keʻokeʻo e ʻike ʻia i ka hapalua hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana. Hele pū ʻia me ka nausea a me ka luaʻi ʻana, nā ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, a me ka maʻi pākī.
●ʻO ka maʻi hoʻolei lohi: hiki mai 2 a 4 mau hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui ka poniuniu, ka ʻili keʻokeʻo, ka hou anu, ka luhi, a me ka pulse wikiwiki. ʻO ke ʻano hana, ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka meaʻai i loko o ka ʻōpū, hoʻoulu ia i ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka insulin, a ma ka huli ʻana e alakaʻi ai i ka hypoglycemia reactive. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia he hypoglycemia syndrome.
20. ʻO ka maʻi dystrophy absorptive
He maʻi lapaʻau ia kahi i nele ai nā meaʻai ma muli o ka hana pono ʻole o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i ka ʻeli ʻana a me ka omo ʻana i nā meaʻai, e hiki ʻole ai ke omo maʻamau ʻia nā meaʻai a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o nā feces. Ma ke ʻano lapaʻau, hōʻike pinepine ʻia e like me ka maʻi diarrhea, ka lahilahi, ke kaumaha, ka momona a me nā hōʻailona omo momona ʻē aʻe, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he steatorrhea.
21.PJ syndrome (pigmented polyposis syndrome, PJS)
He maʻi tumor autosomal dominant kakaikahi ia i hōʻike ʻia e ka pigmentation o ka ʻili a me ka mucosal, nā polyps hamartomatous he nui i loko o ke ala gastrointestinal, a me ka hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka maʻi tumor.
Hiki mai ka PJS mai ka wā kamaliʻi. I ka wā e ʻelemakule ai nā maʻi, piʻi mālie a hoʻonui ʻia nā polyps gastrointestinal, e hana ana i nā pilikia like ʻole, e like me ka intussusception, ka pale ʻana o ka ʻōpū, ke kahe ʻana o ke koko gastrointestinal, ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka ʻai ʻole, a me ka lohi o ka ulu ʻana i nā keiki.
22. ʻO ka maʻi ʻāpana ʻōpū
ʻO ke kaomi o loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka maʻamau ua kokoke i ke kaomi o ka lewa, 5 a 7 mmHg.
ʻO ke kaomi intra-abdominal ≥12 mmHg he hypertension intra-abdominal, a ʻo ke kaomi intra-abdominal ≥20 mmHg i hele pū ʻia me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻōkana e pili ana i ka hypertension intra-abdominal he abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).
Nā hōʻike lapaʻau: Loaʻa i ka mea maʻi ka paʻa o ka umauma, ka pōkole o ka hanu, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, a me ka wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai. Hiki ke hele pū ka ʻōpū nui a me ke kaumaha nui me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, nāwaliwali a nalo paha nā leo o ka ʻōpū, a pēlā aku. Hiki ke loaʻa ka Hypercapnia (PaCO?>50 mmHg) a me ka oliguria (ka puka ʻana o ka mimi i kēlā me kēia hola <0.5 mL/kg) i ka wā mua o ACS. Loaʻa ka Anuria, azotemia, ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hanu a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka puʻuwai i ka wā ma hope.
23. ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻa mesenteric kiʻekiʻe
ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo benign duodenal stasis a me duodenal stasis, he moʻo o nā hōʻailona i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kūlana maʻamau ʻole o ke aʻa mesenteric kiʻekiʻe e ʻomi ana i ka ʻāpana ʻākea o ka duodenum, e hopena ana i ka ālai hapa a piha paha o ka duodenum.
ʻOi aku ka maʻamau i nā wahine makua asthenic. He mea maʻamau ka hiccups, ka nausea, a me ka luaʻi. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o kēia maʻi, ʻo ia ka pili ʻana o nā hōʻailona i ke kūlana o ke kino. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kūlana moe, hoʻonui ʻia nā hōʻailona kaomi, ʻoiai ke kūlana moe, ke kūlana kuli-umauma, a i ʻole ke kūlana ʻaoʻao hema, hiki ke hoʻomaha ʻia nā hōʻailona.
24. ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu makapō
He maʻi o ka maʻi diarrhea, anemia, malabsorption a me ka pohō kaumaha i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka stagnation o nā mea o loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi a me ka ulu nui ʻana o ka bacteria i loko o ka lumen ʻōpū. ʻIke nui ʻia ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā loops makapō a i ʻole nā ʻeke makapō (ʻo ia hoʻi nā loops ʻōpū) ma hope o ka gastrectomy a me ka gastrointestinal anastomosis. A i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka stasis.
25. ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū pōkole
ʻO ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka ʻoki nui ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole, ua emi nui ka wahi omo pono o ka ʻōpū, a ʻaʻole hiki i ke koena o ka ʻōpū hana ke mālama i ka meaʻai a ka mea maʻi a i ʻole nā pono ulu o ke keiki, a me nā hōʻailona e like me ka maʻi diarrhea, nā maʻi acid-base/wai/electrolyte, a me nā syndromes i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā maʻi o ka omo ʻana a me ka metabolism o nā meaʻai like ʻole.
26. ʻO ka maʻi Hepatorenal
ʻO nā hōʻike nui o ka maʻi he oliguria, anuria a me azotemia.
ʻAʻohe ʻeha nui o nā puʻupaʻa o ka mea maʻi. Ma muli o ke koko kiʻekiʻe portal a me ke kahe koko splanchnic hyperdynamic, ua emi nui ke kahe koko systemic, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻano mea vasodilator e like me prostaglandins, nitric oxide, glucagon, atrial natriuretic peptide, endotoxin, a me nā peptides e pili ana i ka gene Calcium e ke akepaʻa, e hoʻonui ai i ka moena vascular systemic; hiki i ka nui o ka wai peritoneal ke hoʻonui nui i ke kaomi intra-abdominal, hiki ke hōʻemi i ke kahe koko renal, ʻoiai ka renal cortex hypoperfusion, e alakaʻi ana i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka renal.
He 80% o nā maʻi me ka maʻi holomua wikiwiki e make i loko o 2 mau pule. ʻO ke ʻano holomua lohi ka mea maʻamau i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e hōʻike pinepine ana me ka refractory abdominal effusion a me kahi ala lohi o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka renal.
27. ʻO ka maʻi Hepatopulmonary
Ma ke kumu o ka cirrhosis o ke ake, ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā maʻi cardiopulmonary mua, ʻike ʻia ka dyspnea a me nā hōʻailona o ka hypoxia e like me ka cyanosis a me ke kalapu ʻana o nā manamana lima (manamana wāwae), e pili ana i ka vasodilation intrapulmonary a me ka hana ʻole o ka oxygenation koko arterial, a maikaʻi ʻole ka prognosis.
28. ʻO ka maʻi Mirizzi
ʻO ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻōpū gallbladder a i ʻole ka impaction o ka pōhaku cystic duct, a i ʻole i hui pū ʻia me ka mumū o ka gallbladder, ke kaomi
Hana ʻia ia ma ke koi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ke kahawai hepatic maʻamau, e hoʻoulu ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā ʻiʻo a puni, ka mumū a i ʻole ka stenosis o ke kahawai hepatic maʻamau, a hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he moʻo o nā syndromes clinical i hōʻike ʻia e ka jaundice obstructive, biliary colic a i ʻole cholangitis.
ʻO ke kumu anatomical no kona hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi loa o ka cystic duct a me ke common hepatic duct i ka hui ʻana a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa loa o ke kūlana hui o ka cystic duct a me ke common hepatic duct.
29. ʻO ka maʻi Budd-Chiari
ʻO ka maʻi Budd-Chiari, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka maʻi Budd-Chiari, pili ia i kahi hui o ka hypertension portal a i ʻole ka hypertension portal a me ka inferior vena cava i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ālai ʻana o ka aʻa hepatic a i ʻole ka inferior vena cava ma luna o kona wehe ʻana.
30. Ka maʻi ʻo Caroli
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka cystic congenital o nā ʻauwai bile intrahepatic. ʻAʻole maopopo ke ʻano hana. Hiki ke like me ka cyst choledochal. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka cholangiocarcinoma ma mua o ka heluna kanaka maʻamau. ʻO nā hōʻike mua o ka maʻi he hepatomegaly a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ʻo ka hapa nui e like me ka biliary colic, i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi bacterial bile duct. Loaʻa ke kuni a me ka jaundice intermittent i ka wā o ka mumū, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka jaundice he akahai maʻamau.
31. ʻO ka maʻi Puborectal
He maʻi hoʻohaʻahaʻa ia i ka wai koko i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke ālai ʻia ʻana o ka puka o ka papahele pelvic ma muli o ka spasm a i ʻole ka hypertrophy o nā ʻiʻo puborectalis.
32. ʻO ka maʻi papahele Pelvic
Pili ia i kahi hui o nā syndromes i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano neuromuscular i loko o nā ʻano papahele pelvic e like me ka rectum, ka ʻiʻo levator ani, a me ka sphincter anal waho. ʻO nā hōʻike lapaʻau nui ka paʻakikī i ka defecation a i ʻole incontinence, a me ke kaomi a me ka ʻeha o ka papahele pelvic. I kekahi manawa, ʻo kēia mau hana hewa e pili ana i ka paʻakikī o ka defecation, a i kekahi manawa fecal incontinence. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ʻeha loa lākou.
ʻO mākou, ʻo Jiangxi Zhuoruihua Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., he mea hana ma Kina e loea ana i nā mea hoʻopau endoscopic, e like menā forceps biopsy, hemoclip, ʻūpā polyp,nila sclerotherapy, ʻaukā pīpī, nā palaki cytology, uea alakaʻi,hīnaʻi kiʻi pōhaku, catheter hoʻokahe wai biliary ihua pēlā aku i hoʻohana nui ʻia maEMR,ESD, ERCPUa hōʻoia ʻia kā mākou huahana e CE, a ua hōʻoia ʻia kā mākou mau mea kanu e ISO. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku kā mākou waiwai i ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, Hikina Waena a me kekahi ʻāpana o ʻAsia, a ua loaʻa nui ka ʻike a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku!
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-06-2024