I ka makahiki 2017, ua hoʻolālā ka World Health Organization i ka hoʻolālā o"ʻike mua, ʻike mua, a me ka mālama mua", i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomanaʻo i ka lehulehu e hoʻolohe i nā hōʻailona ma mua.Ma hope o nā makahiki o ke kālā maoli,ua lilo kēia mau hoʻolālā ʻekolu i ala maikaʻi loa e pale ai i ka maʻi kanesa.
Wahi a ka "Global Cancer Report 2020" i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka WHO, ua wānana ʻia e piʻi ka nui o nā maʻi maʻi hou ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i 30.2 miliona i 2040 a ʻo ka nui o nā make e hiki i 16.3 miliona.
I 2020, aia he 19 miliona mau maʻi maʻi maʻi hou ma ka honua.I kēlā manawa, ʻo nā maʻi maʻi maʻi nui ʻekolu me ka nui o nā maʻi maʻi ma ka honua: ʻo ka maʻi kanesa o ka umauma (22.61 miliona), ka maʻi ʻaʻai māmā (2.206 miliona), colon (19.31 miliona), a me ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū i ka lima me 10.89 miliona.i ka heluna o na ma'i ma'i 'a'ai hou, 'o ka ma'i 'a'ai 'oko'a a me ka ma'i 'a'ai 'o ka 15.8% o na ma'i 'a'ai hou a pau.
E like me kā mākou ʻike a pau, pili ka ʻāpana Manhua mai ka waha a hiki i ka puka anuenue, e pili ana i ka esophagus, ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, ka ʻōpū nui (cecum, appendix, colon, rectum and anal canal), ate, pancreas, etc. a ʻo ka colorectum i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi hou ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ʻO ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū ʻelua no ka digestive tract, no laila pono e nānā ʻia nā maʻi maʻi e pili ana i ka digestive tract a pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka papahana "ʻekolu kakahiaka".
I ka makahiki 2020, ua hōʻea ka nui o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi hou ma koʻu ʻāina i ka 4.5 miliona, a ʻo ka nui o nā make maʻi maʻi he 3 miliona.ʻO ka awelika o 15,000 ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi kanesa i kēlā me kēia lā, a he 10.4 mau kānaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi kanesa i kēlā me kēia minuke.ʻO ka lima ka maʻi maʻi maʻi(ʻo ia ka 17.9% o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi hou a pau),ka maʻi 'aʻai kala (12.2%), ka maʻi 'aʻai ʻōpū (10.5%),ka maʻi 'aʻai umauma (9.1%), a me ka maʻi 'aʻai (9%).Ma waena o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻelima wale nō,ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻōpū he 31.7% o nā maʻi maʻi hou a pau.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he pono ke nānā nui aku i ka ʻike a me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi digestive.
ʻO kēia ka paʻi 2020 (ka noiʻi kūikawā a me ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi o Chang Beihui o ka poʻe) e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka ʻeha a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana.
Ka ma'i 'a'ai kala
1. Asymptomatic kanaka ma luna o 1.45 makahiki;
2. ʻO nā kānaka ma luna o 240 me nā hōʻailona anorectal no ʻelua pule":
3. ʻO nā maʻi me ka ulcerative colitis no ka manawa lōʻihi;
4.4 poʻe ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa colorectal;
5. ʻO ka heluna kanaka ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka adenoma colorectal;
6. ʻO nā ʻohana pili me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai
7. ʻO nā ʻohana pili o nā poʻe maʻi i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi maʻi ma mua o 20 mau makahiki.
1. Hōʻike ʻia "Ka heluna lehulehu" 1-5:
(1) Hoʻomaka ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa colorectal i ka makahiki 45, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kāne a i ʻole ka wahine, ʻike ʻia ka fecal occult blood (FOBT) i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki.
Colonoscopy i kēlā me kēia 10 makahiki a hiki i ka makahiki 75;
(2) ʻO ka poʻe i piha i ka makahiki 76-85, i ke olakino maikaʻi, a ʻo ka poʻe me ka manaʻolana o ke ola ma mua o 10 mau makahiki, hiki ke hoʻomau i ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻonaninani.
2 Ma ka laina me ka "hoʻokolokolo kino o nā lālā o ka ʻohana pili me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi maʻi colorectal:
2
ʻO nā ʻohana o ka pae mua a ma luna aʻe me ka adenoma kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka maʻi kanesa (kekahi mau makahiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana), e hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 40 (a i ʻole e hoʻomaka ana ma 10 mau makahiki ʻōpio ma mua o ka makahiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lālā ʻohana muli loa), ka hoʻokolokolo FOBT i hoʻokahi manawa a makahiki, hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 5 makahiki Colonoscopy;
(2) Nā kumuhana pilikia nui me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o nā ʻohana o ke kēkelē mua (1 wale nō, a ʻoi aku ka makahiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma mua o 60 mau makahiki):
E hoʻomaka i ka nānā ʻana ma ka makahiki 40, me ka hoʻāʻo FOBT i kēlā me kēia makahiki a me kahi colonoscopy i kēlā me kēia ʻumi makahiki.3 Ka nānā 'ana i nā lālā o ka 'ohana o ka "hereditary colorectal cancer" hālāwai 7;
No nā ʻohana o nā maʻi me ka FAP a me ka HNPCC, ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka gene mutation i ka wā e maopopo ai ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka gene i ka hihia mua o ka ʻohana.
(1) No ka po'e me ka ho'ā'o ho'ololi gene ma hope o 20 makahiki, pono e hana 'ia ka colonoscopy i kēlā me kēia 1-2 makahiki;(2) No ka poʻe me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka gene, pono ke nānā ʻia ka lehulehu.4 Manaʻo ʻia no ka nānā ʻana:
(1) ʻO ka hoʻāʻo FOBT + ka noiʻi inter-volume ke ʻano nui o ka hoʻokolokolo Han, a ua lawa nā hōʻike:
(2) Hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka pololei o ka helu ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o ke kumu kūʻai;(3) Inā ʻae nā kūlana, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka nānā ʻana ma o ka hui ʻana i nā ʻano o ka stool a me ke koko.
1. Hiki i ka hoʻoikaika kino ke hoʻemi pono i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi koko, pili i ke alakaʻi haʻuki, a ʻauʻau e pale i ka momona;
2. ʻO ka meaʻai lolo olakino, e hoʻonui i ka ʻai ʻana i ka fiber crude a me nā huaʻai hou, a pale i nā meaʻai momona a me nā protein kiʻekiʻe;
3 Hiki i nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻole ke kino ke pale aku i ka maʻi kanesa.Hiki i ka poʻe ʻelemakule ke hoʻāʻo i ka aspirin haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o nā maʻi cardiovascular a me ka cerebrovascular a me ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū.E nīnau i ke kauka no ka hoʻohana pono ʻana.
5. E ho'ēmi i ka puhi paka e pale aku i kona mau meaʻawaʻawa lōʻihi a me ka hoʻouluʻana i ka inflammatory iā Qinghua Dao.
Ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū
ʻO kēlā me kēia mea i loaʻa kekahi o kēia mau kūlana he mea pilikia nui ia;
1. Ma luna o 60 makahiki;
2 Atrophic gastritis haʻahaʻa a koʻikoʻi;
3. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi;
4. Polyps opu;
5. ʻO ka hōʻailona pili nui o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū;
6. ʻO ka ʻōpū koena postoperative no nā maʻi maikaʻi;
7. ʻO ke koena o ka ʻōpū ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū (6-12 mau mahina ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana);
8. Helicobacter pylori ma'i;
9. He moʻolelo ʻohana maopopo no ka maʻi ʻōpū a i ʻole esophageal;
10. Anemia pōʻino:
11. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) moʻolelo ʻohana.
ʻO ka makahiki ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻeha ʻana o ka ʻōpū, ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka waikawa, ka ʻeha o ka naʻau a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka epigastric discomfort, a me ka gastritis mau loa, gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia, gastric polyps, koena ʻōpū, giant gastric fold sign, gastric ulcer maʻi a me ka ʻōpū epithelial atypia. ʻO ka Hyperplasia a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a me nā mea me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o nā maʻi koko e pono e hana maʻamau i ka gastroscopy e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻo a ke kauka.
1. E hoʻokumu i nā ʻano meaʻai olakino a me ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole i ka ʻai nui;
2. Hoʻopau i ka maʻi Helicobacter pylori;
3. E hōʻemi i ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai anu, laʻa, wela, a me nā meaʻai paʻakai kiʻekiʻe e like me ka uahi a me ka ʻai.
4. E haalele i ka puhi paka;
5. E inu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ʻaʻole ʻawaʻawa ikaika;
6. Hoʻomaha a hoʻohaʻahaʻa pono
Ka maʻi maʻi ʻāʻī
ʻO ka makahiki ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki a loaʻa i kekahi o kēia mau mea pilikia:
1. Mai ka wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi maʻi esophageal i koʻu ʻāina (ʻo ka wahi ʻoi loa o ka maʻi maʻi esophageal ma koʻu ʻāina aia ma Hebei, Henan a me Shanxi nā panalāʻau ma ka hema o Taihang Mountain, ʻoi aku ma Cixian County, ma Qinling, Dabie Mountain, ʻĀkau Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong, ʻĀkau Jiangsu, Xinjiang, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
2. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka'ōpū o luna, e like me ka nausea, ka luaʻiʻana, kaʻeha o ka'ōpū, ka acid regurgitation, kaʻaiʻole a me nā hōʻailona'ē aʻe;
3. Mo'olelo 'ohana no ka 'eha o ka esophageal:
4. ʻO ka maʻi ʻana i ka maʻi precancerous esophageal a i ʻole nā maʻi precancerous:
5. Loaʻa i nā kumu pilikia nui no ka maʻi maʻi esophageal e like me ka puhi paka, ka inu nui, ke kaumaha nui, ka makemake i ka meaʻai wela, ka maʻi maʻi squamous cell o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka ʻōpū hanu;
6. Ka 'eha mai ka ma'i perisophageal reflux (CERD);
7. Human papillomavirus (HPV).
ʻO ka poʻe i pilikia nui i ka maʻi kanesa esophageal:
1. Endoscopy maʻamau, hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻelua makahiki;
2 Endoscopy me nā ʻike pathological o ka dysplasia māmā, endoscopy hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki;
3 Endoscopy me nā ʻike pathological o ka dysplasia haʻahaʻa, endoscopy i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina
1. Mai puhi a hooki i ka puhi paka;
2. ʻAʻohe waiʻona liʻiliʻi;
3. Eʻai i ka meaʻai kūpono, eʻai i nā huaʻai hou a me nā mea kanu
4. Hoʻonui i ka hoʻoikaika kino a mālama i ke kaumaha olakino;
5. Mai ʻai i ka meaʻai wela a inu i ka wai wela.
ʻAʻai maʻi ʻaʻai
ʻO nā kāne ma luna o 35 mau makahiki a me nā wahine ma luna o 45 mau makahiki ma kekahi o kēia mau hui:
1. Ka ma'i ma'i hepa B (HBV) ma'i a i 'ole ka ma'i ma'i hepatitis C (HCV);
2. ʻO ka poʻe me ka moʻolelo ʻohana i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi ate;
3. ʻO nā maʻi me ka maʻi cirrhosis ma muli o ka schistosomiasis, ka waiʻona, ka cirrhosis biliary mua, a pēlā aku;
4. ʻO nā maʻi me ka pōʻino o ke akepaʻa i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka lāʻau;
5. ʻO nā maʻi me nā maʻi metabolic hoʻoilina, e like me: hemochromatosis a-1 antitrypsin deficiency, glycogen storage maʻi, hoʻopaneʻe cutaneous porphyria, tyrosinemia, etc.;
6. ʻO nā maʻi me ka maʻi hepatitis autoimmune;
7. ʻO nā maʻi maʻi ʻaʻohe waiʻona momona momona (NAFLD).
1. Pono e noiʻi ʻia nā kāne ma luna o 35 mau makahiki a me nā wahine ma luna o 45 mau makahiki me ka nui o ka maʻi kanesa;
2. Hoʻohana pū ʻia me ka serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) a me ka puʻuwai B-ultrasound, nānā i kēlā me kēia 6 mahina
1. Ka ma'i hepatitis B;
2. Pono nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi hepaʻa mau loa e loaʻa i ka lāʻau antiviral i ka hikiwawe e hoʻomalu i ka hana hou ʻana o ka maʻi hepatitis
3. E pale a hoemi i ka inu rama;
4. E ʻai i ka meaʻai māmā a hoʻemi i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai momona
5. Hōʻalo i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai polū.
ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai pancreatic
ʻO ka poʻe ma luna o 40 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 mau makahiki, me kekahi o kēia mau kumu (ʻaʻole e hoʻonui ka mea ʻeono i ka maʻi maʻi pancreatic, akā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ka nānā ʻana):
1. Moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi maʻi pancreatic a me ka maʻi diabetes;
2. Aia kahi moʻolelo o ka puhi ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi, ka inu ʻana, ka momona momona a me ka ʻai nui-protein;
3. ʻO ka piha o ka ʻōpū waena a me luna, ka ʻeha, ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū me ke kumu maopopo ʻole, a me nā hōʻailona e like me ka pau ʻana o ka ʻai, ka luhi, ka maʻi maʻi, ka pohō kaumaha, ka ʻeha hope haʻahaʻa, etc.;
4. ʻO nā ʻāpana hou o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻi pancreatitis mau me nā pōhaku duct pancreatic, papilloma mucinous duct type nui, mucinous cystic adenoma, a me ka maʻi pseudopapillary paʻa, me ka serum kiʻekiʻe CA19-9;
5. ʻO ka hoʻomaka koke ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes me ka ʻole o ka moʻolelo ʻohana;
6. Helicobacter pylori (HP) maikaʻi, ka moʻolelo o ka periodontitis waha, PJ syndrome, etc.
1. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kumuhana i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna me nā hopena o nā hoʻāʻo koko o nā hōʻailona tumo e like me CA19-9, CA125 CEA, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hui pū ʻia me CT abdominal a me MRI, a hiki i ka B-ultrasound ke hāʻawi i ke kōkua kūpono;
2. ʻO ka hoʻokolohua CT a i ʻole MR hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki no ka heluna kanaka i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻoi aku ka poʻe me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana a me nā maʻi pancreatic i loaʻa.
1. Ha'alele i ka puhi paka a me ka hoomalu ana i ka waiona;
2. E hoʻoikaika i ka meaʻai māmā, maʻalahi i ka digestible, haʻahaʻa momona;
3. E ʻai hou aku i ka moa, ka iʻa a me ka ʻōpae, a hoʻoikaika i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu pua "+", e like me ke kāpeti ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kāpeti, radish, broccoli, etc.;
4. Hoʻolaha i nā hana aerobic waho
5. I mea e pale aku ai i ka poino o na ma'i ma'i, 'o ka po'e me ka pohaku duct pancreatic, intraductal mucinous papilloma a me cystic adenoma a i 'ole kekahi mau ma'i pancreatic benign e 'imi i ka lapa'au i ka manawa.
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-09-2022